S-Mac Based Algorithm to Save Power and Optimise Energy in Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

SMAC, also known as Sensor-MAC (Medium Access Control), is a contention-based MAC protocol created for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to communicate in an energy-efficient manner. Its major goal is to reduce idle listening and collisions in order to minimize energy usage and extend the network’s lifespan. The sleep-wake cycle technique used by SMAC involves nodes switching back and forth between the active and sleeping states. Nodes disable their radios when they are sleeping to save energy. Using a recurring beacon signal sent by a specific node, synchronization is kept across nodes. Nodes are able to modify their sleep-wake cycles because to this synchronization.When it comes to channel access, the protocol uses a contention-based strategy, with nodes first listening to the channel before sending data. Nodes use adaptive listening, adjusting the length of their listening period in response to the presence of transmissions. To prevent collisions, SMAC additionally uses randomized back off timings. In wireless sensor networks, SMAC lowers need- less communication overhead, increases network longevity, and conserves energy by providing a framework for energy-efficient communication. This paper provides an overview of various power-saving and energy optimization techniques that can be used in WSNs.