Computational Simulation for Material Selection of Femoral Component in Total Knee Replacement (TKR)

Abstract

Introduction: The field of total knee replacement (TKR) has witnessed a diverse array of biomaterials being employed for the fabrication of the femoral component. With the advent of 3D printing technology, there is a newfound potential for enhancing the performance of knee replacements by incorporating novel designs and utilizing a variety of biomaterials. The material chosen for the femoral component must possess a set of crucial and desirable properties to ensure its long-term effectiveness and durability in clinical applications. To meet the demands of TKR, the material used in the femoral component should exhibit exceptional biocompatibility, ensuring compatibility with the patient's body and minimizing the risk of adverse reactions or complications. Furthermore, it is essential for the material to possess superior mechanical strength and stability, as the femoral component experiences substantial loads and forces during normal knee joint movement. This mechanical robustness ensures the component's ability to withstand the repetitive stresses and strains encountered during daily activities.

Objectives: To effectively address these requirements, computational simulation techniques have emerged as a valuable tool for material selection in TKR. By utilizing computational models, researchers and engineers can evaluate the performance of different biomaterials under varying loading conditions, predicting their mechanical behaviour, wear characteristics, and long-term performance. This enables informed decision-making in material selection, allowing for the identification of optimal biomaterials that can enhance the performance and longevity of the femoral component in total knee replacement procedures.

Methods: Five different biomaterials were analyzed for better sustainability. CAD model of femoral component was created. Maximum equivalent stress (von mises stress), maximum shear stress, maximum principal stress and total deformation have been evaluated for selected biomaterials and various load conditions range from 500 N to 3000 N.

Results: It is important to note that NiTi's suitability as the most suitable material for the femoral component of TKR is based on the specific context of the computational simulations and analysis performed in this study. Other factors, such as cost-effectiveness, manufacturing feasibility, and surgeon preference, may also influence the final material selection decision in clinical practice.

Conclusions: The material selection process for the femoral component in total knee replacement is a critical factor influencing the success and longevity of the implant. Through the application of 3D printing technology and computational simulation, researchers and clinicians can explore innovative designs and evaluate a wide range of biomaterials to identify the most suitable options.