Solar Powered Cardiac Pacemaker with Skin Equivalent Circuit

Abstract

Medical electronic implants can basically work on the well-being and personal satisfaction of individuals. These implants are usually fueled by batteries, which have a limited lifespan and as a result need to be replaced occasionally using surgery. In the batteries, subcutaneous sun-based cells, which can generate energy by retaining the light transmitted through the skin, have been proposed as an economic force to control medical electronic insertions in the body. This paper is to develop a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller for an equivalent skin model with battery-less cardiac pacemaker. In the proposed methodology, equivalent skin model with battery-less cardiac pacemaker is implemented by varying the electrical parameters such as resistance and capacitance of epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layer (R_sc, C_sc and R_s). The Photovoltaic cell is utilized to power the cardiac pacemaker to design a battery-less cardiac pacemaker. To manage environmental conditions, an efficient Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller is designed in the implantable cardiac pacemaker. In the MPPT controller, the Fractional Order Proportional Integral Derivative (FOPID) is designed which can be utilized to extract the maximum power from the PV system. In the FOPID controller, Chimp Optimization Algorithm (COA) is utilized to empower the FOPID controller performance. The proposed methodology is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink platform and it is evaluated by the output voltage, output current and output power. The proposed methodology is compared with the conventional methods such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) respectively.