Generalization of the Temperature Dependence of Some Physical Properties of High-Strength Polyethylene Using the Method of Given Parameters

Abstract

Covid-19 has left its mark in almost all the sectors throughout the world. Pre, During and Post periods of Covid-19 have drastic movements in terms of demand, supply, investment, income, consumption, savings and the likewise factors. Even Researchers in the Medical and Pharmaceutical fields have been debating whether to call current period as post Covid-19 period or not. The reason is nothing but the emerging variants of Covid-19 either still have their presence or expected in the recent times. Even though almost the entire world is now vaccinated, the risk and volatility of the investment decisions and patterns remain the same.     COVID-19 pandemic has profound impact on global stock market with comparatively for a short term but lasting wise, much more for the long term. With the immediate effect, the pandemic outbreak, the stock market witnessed the extreme volatility with some sharp fall in the early 2020 followed with some rapid recoveries fuelled by government stimulus measures and vaccine developments. The short-term effect is highlighted the vulnerabilities on the fiscal market with some external shocks. However, the long-term impact of COVID-19 on the stock market volatility got extended with the primary shocks while enhancing the trend of digitalization, hybrid and remote working including e-commerce trade. This favoured the tech-related and sectoral gaps thereby making the stocks of these sectors also becoming more vulnerable. Furthermore, the surrounding of the pandemic founded the new variants and policy responses to continue with the market volatility. The stock market investors and policymakers remain pretty much alert in exploring and formalizing the trends especially in the period which is most often called as the post COVID-19 period.

This Research has attempted to examine the effect of Covid-19 on the volatility of Indian Stock Market. Researchers have used Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity Model. Nifty and Sensex Stock Market Index closing prices were used for the Research Study. Period covering September 03, 2019 to July 10, 2020 was selected for the Study. Evidence suggest that the Indian Stock Market was unstable during the outbreak. Return on the indices was higher before Covid-19 as measured by our comparison of pre and post Covid-19 performances.