Non-Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction – A Critical Analysis of Role Played by Customs in National Security

Abstract

India has raised concerns at the United Nations concerning the potential misuse of biological agents as weapons emphasizing the escalating threat posed by the emerging technologies. In the recent statement, India underscored the potential threat posed by terrorist groups and other non-state actors gaining access to Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs) due to the advancement in technology. This highlights the evolving nature of security challenges in the face of rapid technological developments. It reflects a broader awareness within the international community of the importance of anticipating and mitigating emerging threats, particularly those related to WMDs. The call for attention at the United Nations underscores the urgency of collaborative efforts to strengthen the global security frameworks and enhance preparedness against unconventional security threats. Hence this study examines the intersection of the customs and weapons of mass destruction and the pivotal role played by the customs agencies in implementing and enforcing the international agreements aimed at non-proliferation. This study delves into the multifaceted responsibilities of customs,challenges faced by authorities in balancing security imperatives with the facilitation of international trade. It examines the importance of enhancing customs capabilities, promoting information sharing, and fostering international cooperation to effectively address the evolving threats posed by WMD proliferation through the comprehensive analysis of case studies and best practices.