Rainfall – Runoff Simulation and Assessment of Groundwater Recharge for Upper Narmada River Basin

Abstract

One of the most important natural resources is a Groundwater in earth, which supports the human health, development of economy. For Developing and developed countries of urban and rural areas, it has an important role for water supply sources and agriculture irrigation sources in each and every climatic regions. Due to the increasing the population, excessive use of water and mismanagement of water resources, the groundwater level is randomly decreases. There are many factors influencing the groundwater recharge, like bed recharge characteristics, topography, soil characteristics, LULC, existing soil moisture, aquifer materials. Considering the above facts, the specific objectives setup for the present study. So for serenity of the objectives, Hydrological Model is modeled to simulate runoff process in Upper Narmada Basin using HEC-HMS version 4.2.1. In this Model, the variable parameters considered in this study are runoff volume, peak runoff rate and flow routing methods, SCS curve number, SCS unit hydrograph and Muskingum routing methods are chosen. Two events are selected randomly for three gauging stations are Dindori, Mohgaon and Manot stations was simulated and calibrated, one more event was selected for the validation. For Calibration and Verfication, the data of Streamflow at three gauging stations along the river were used. At three gauging Stations, observed hydrographs based on flood peaks and the Nash Sutcliffe coefficient were compared. Hence it shows that, the modeling of the Upper Narmada River basin can be suitable in HEC-HMS software.After calibration of the model, to extract the hydrograph from the HEC-HMS, from these hydrographs, initially find out the recession index K based upon the each segment of the assumptions and the varies logarithm of stream flow data log???? . Critical time Tc, Pre-Event and Post-Event discharges Q2 and Q1 respectively groundwater recharge obtained by Displacement of Recession Curve method and some empirical formulas. The recession curve displacement method results shows that, average recharge of the Dindori, Mohgaon and Manot stations are 15.54, 20.035 and 28.755 mm respectively. And also for estimation of groundwater recharge, Water Table Fluctuation method and empirical methods are used. During 2000 – 2013, collected the rainfall data and groundwater level data collected from the gauging stations. Keeping in view of the two dominated Water Table Fluctuation and six empirical methods, the Study area results about average groundwater recharge (calculated in mm /year) varies with 64.638 to 624.834 and 46.704 to 277.505 respectively. However, all empirical methods are compared with the Water Table Fluctuation method, from these Bhattacharjee formula shows the closure recharge values with Water Table Recharge method. The NSE and R² values are obtained 0.832 and 0.7186 respectively for Bhattacharjee and Water Table Fluctuation method, this is good among all the comparisons.