Unveiling Subaltern Voices: A Study of Marginalization and Empowerment in Bama's 'Vanmam' and Maari Selvaraj's 'Karnan'

Abstract

This research paper delves into the nuanced exploration of subaltern voices through a comparative analysis of Bama's literary work, 'Vanmam,' and Maari Selvaraj's cinematic masterpiece, 'Karnan.' Focused on the themes of marginalization and empowerment within the Dalit community, the study employs an interdisciplinary approach, combining literary analysis and film studies. The theoretical framework draws from subaltern studies, postcolonial theory, and feminist perspectives to critically examine the representation of marginalized voices. 'Vanmam' unfolds a narrative tapestry that exposes the intricacies of Dalit experiences, particularly those of Dalit women, through Bama's adept use of language and personal narratives. In contrast, 'Karnan' leverages the visual and auditory dimensions of cinema to portray the struggles and empowerment of the marginalized, transcending traditional storytelling norms. The literature review situates the analysis within the broader discourse on subaltern representation, drawing on foundational works by Kabir, Jaikumar, and hooks. Through a comparative lens, the study identifies similarities and contrasts in the depiction of marginalization and approaches to empowerment in the chosen texts. Theoretical insights from Guha, Spivak, and hooks guide the examination of agency and articulation within subaltern narratives. The research concludes with an exploration of the impact of 'Vanmam' and 'Karnan' on subaltern voices, acknowledging critiques and challenges. The findings contribute to the fields of literary studies and cinematic studies, highlighting the unique strengths of each medium in portraying the complexities of subaltern existence. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research, emphasizing the need for continued exploration of emerging voices and evolving perspectives within the realm of subaltern representation.