Effect of TiO₂ and BN Nanoparticles on the Lubricity of Jatropha-Based Bio-Lubricant

Abstract

This study investigates the enhancement of Jatropha oil lubricity through the incorporation of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and hexagonal boron nitride (BN) nanoparticles. Nanolubricants were prepared at varying nanoparticle concentrations (0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2% by weight), surfactant (oleic acid) volumes (1X, 5X, and 10X relative to nanoparticle volume), and sonication times (30, 60, and 90 minutes). Lubricity was evaluated using a ball-on-disk tribometer at a speed of 1500 RPM under controlled test conditions. Results showed that TiO₂ at 0.05 wt% with 60 minutes of sonication and without surfactant achieved the highest lubricity improvement, while BN also enhanced performance but to a lesser extent. Moderate use of surfactant and sonication proved beneficial for nanoparticle dispersion, although excessive amounts led to diminished gains. These findings suggest that tailored nanoformulations can significantly enhance the friction-reducing capabilities of bio-based oils, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional lubricants