Optimized design of miniaturized patch antenna by using a genetic algorithm for 5G sub-6 GHz

Abstract

Fifth-generation technology (5G) provides numerous benefits compared to previous generations, such as faster data rates and reduced latency, and increased connectivity. This work presents an optimized, low-cost patch antenna designed specifically for 5G applications. The optimized dimensions of the proposed antenna were determined using a genetic algorithm (GA) approach, which success-fully shifted the central frequency of the suggested design from 9.45 GHz to 4.7 GHz without increasing the antenna's physical size.  Experimental results indicate that the antenna operates effectively within the 4.15-5.25 GHz frequency range (1.12 GHz bandwidth), which makes it suitable for a variety of 5G applications. The antenna offers approximately an omnidirectional radiation pattern along with suitability for 5G sub-6 GHz applications, and the overall dimensions are 20×20 mm².