The Effect of Fog-Induced Attenuation for Optimum Performance in Communication Links in Lagos, Nigeria

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of fog-induced attenuation on the performance of free-space optical (FSO) communication systems, with a focus on Lagos, Nigeria. Using meteorological data from the Visual Crossing archive spanning 2010 to 2021, attenuation levels at 850 nm and 1550 nm wavelengths were analyzed. The results indicate that the 850 nm wavelength experiences significantly higher attenuation due to fog compared to 1550 nm. Peak attenuation was observed in December and January, with values of 3.50 dB/km and 2.79 dB/km respectively at 850 nm, and 2.08 dB/km and 1.55 dB/km at 1550 nm. These findings highlight the superiority of the 1550 nm wavelength for FSO communication in fog-prone environments, owing to its lower scattering losses, reduced absorption, and better atmospheric penetration. The study emphasizes the importance of wavelength selection and adaptive communication techniques to improve system reliability under varying weather conditions. The analysis offers practical guidance for enhancing FSO system performance and contributes to the broader understanding of atmospheric effects on optical communication links.