Economic Performance of Coconut and Areca Nut Cultivation: A Comparative Field-level Study

Abstract

This study evaluates and compares the economic performance of coconut and areca nut cultivation using farm-level survey data collected from 120 farmers. Descriptive statistics, cost return analysis, and benefit cost ratios were employed. Results show that areca nut cultivation generates significantly higher net returns despite higher production costs, while coconut cultivation offers more stable returns with lower investment requirements. The findings highlight the importance of considering both profitability and risk in plantation crop decision-making. Crop yield prediction plays a crucial role in agricultural planning, resource management, and economic stability, especially for plantation crops such as coconut (Cocos nucifera) and areca nut (Areca catechu). These crops are highly sensitive to climatic conditions, soil health, pest incidence, and farm management practices. In recent years, traditional statistical approaches have been increasingly complemented or replaced by machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models to improve prediction accuracy. This survey reviews existing methodologies, datasets, influencing factors, and challenges in yield prediction specifically for coconut and areca nut crops, and identifies research gaps and future directions.