Urbanization and Its Impact on Environmental Sustainability: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Purpose: This review aims to critically analyze and summarize the existing literature on urbanization's effects on environmental sustainability. It delves deep into the nexus between rapid urban growth and the subsequent ecological consequences, mapping out the intricacies of this relationship.

Theoretical Framework: Drawing upon urban ecology, sustainability science, and socio-ecological systems theories, the review provides a lens through which the multi-dimensional impacts of urban expansion on environmental equilibriums can be assessed.

Design/methodology/approach: A systematic literature review was conducted, encompassing peer-reviewed articles, reports, and white papers from various academic databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to ensure relevant and rigorous material selection. This methodology enabled the identification of both direct and indirect environmental consequences stemming from urbanization trends.

Findings: Urbanization, while integral to societal progression and economic development, has significantly affected environmental sustainability. Key findings include increased greenhouse gas emissions, urban heat island effect amplification, loss of green spaces, and disturbances in local biodiversity. However, it also elucidated the potential for urban areas to spearhead sustainability solutions, provided there is a marriage of policy, innovation, and community engagement.

Research, Practical & Social implications: This review underscores the urgency for policymakers and urban planners to infuse sustainability at the core of urban developmental strategies. The need for multifaceted approaches—combining technological innovation, community involvement, and policy reform—is evident. A sustainable urban future will not only ensure environmental health but will also act as a cornerstone for social equity and economic viability.

Originality/value: While various studies have touched upon facets of urbanization and environmental sustainability, this review offers a comprehensive, synthesized perspective. By integrating diverse strands of research, it provides a holistic understanding, thus filling an evident gap in the literature.