Oral Traditions as Catalysts for Sustainable Cultural Development: An Ethnographic Exploration

Abstract

Introduction: This ethnographic study explores the oral traditions of Barangay Santiago in Iligan City as living expressions of cultural identity and collective memory. Despite the growing influence of modernization and digital technology, the community continues to preserve and practice traditional forms such as folk stories, songs, proverbs, and communal rituals. These oral traditions reflect the community’s values, beliefs, and social practices, serving as important tools for cultural continuity and sustainable development.

Objectives: This study aims to document and analyze the oral traditions of Barangay Santiago, Iligan City through an ethnographic lens. It seeks to understand how these cultural expressions reflect community identity and values, and how they have adapted in the face of modernization and the post-pandemic era. The findings will serve as a basis for developing sustainable cultural programs that preserve and promote the community’s heritage.

Methods: The study utilized a qualitative ethnographic approach, focusing on immersion within the community of Barangay Santiago, Iligan City. Data were gathered through informal conversations, in-depth interviews, and direct observation of cultural practices, supported by photo and video documentation. A combination of purposive, snowball, and quota sampling methods was used to ensure a diverse and knowledgeable pool of participants, including elders, storytellers, and tradition bearers. Ethical considerations such as informed consent, cultural sensitivity, and data privacy were strictly observed throughout the research process.

Results: The study revealed that oral traditions in Barangay Santiago remain vibrant and deeply embedded in daily life, despite the impact of modernization and digital media. Folk stories, songs, proverbs, and rituals reflect the community’s values such as cooperation, respect for elders, and spiritual beliefs. While some traditional practices—like communal farming and courtship rituals—are fading, others endure through storytelling, music, and seasonal celebrations. The use of the Binisaya language and ongoing civic participation further strengthen cultural identity and social cohesion.

Conclusion: The study highlights the vital role of oral traditions in preserving the cultural identity, values, and resilience of the community in Barangay Santiago. Despite societal changes, these traditions continue to shape social interactions and collective memory. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating oral literature into cultural preservation efforts and development programs. Sustaining these practices ensures that future generations remain connected to their heritage while adapting to contemporary challenges.